AVOSUPPORT

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====== MIDI ======

This is not a full-fledged compendium about MIDI as such. If you are looking for details about MIDI in general you may start at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI or at https://www.midi.org/. Here, we'll concentrate on Titan's capabilities to be controlled by MIDI, or to control other devices by MIDI.

===== Trivia =====

Some basic trivia:

  * MIDI was invented in the early 1980s, and is thus older than DMX
  * originally it was just a way to control electronic musical intruments from other instruments/devices
  * essentially MIDI is a signal connection. 'Real' MIDI is a 5pin cable, the connector being a round 'DIN' connector. But over the years, many developments have occured. The most important thing is USB-MIDI: transmitting MIDI information over USB interfaces. Then, there is a way to route MIDI over IP networks (rtp-MIDI), MIDI data can be stored in files (not relevant for Titan), and more.
  * unlike DMX which strives to semi-permanently send the status of a whole system (i.e. a dmx universe), MIDI only transmits events: a key has been pressed or released, a parameter has changed etc. Hence, the data rate of MIDI is much smaller.
  * MIDI messages usually comprise of up to 3 bytes. One bit of every byte is used to determine whether it's a status byte or a data byte. Hence, the 'resolution' of MIDI is 7 bit, or 0...127.
  * the specification explains in great detail which message translates to which note or other value. This way you could be sure that when you pressed e.g. the note C on a MIDI keyboard this triggered the C on a sampler or expander. 
  * Nowadays there are also other uses for MIDI, e.g. [[external:MIDI Show Control|]] (triggering cues in a show), [[external:mmc|]] (sending transport commands to e.g. audio workstation programs), or [[external:mtc|]].

===== Message Types =====

MIDI devices can be set to 15 channels, and MIDI messages can be sent to a specific channel or all devices. A device set to 'Omni' mode ignores the channel and responds to all messages ignoring their channel.

The specification allows for various types of messages, and e.g. when using a MIDI keyboard there is a good chance that it defaults to an appropriate MIDI mapping without further adjustments. However, not every device responds to all message types.

The message types Titan can use are:

^ Message Type          ^ Remarks                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ^
| Note On/Note Off      | can be used for triggers. The velocity parameter can be used to define a level. \\ However, depending from the controller, Note Off may have a positive velocity, \\ and Note On with velocity=0 should be treated Note Off.  |
| Control Change        | can be used for triggers. The value parameter can be used to define a level.                                                                                                                                                  |
| Program Change        | can be used for triggers. Program change commands do not allow for an additional value parameter                                                                                                                              |
| MIDI Timecode         | A system-common message, received by all devices in the system. Can be used as timecode source                                                                                                                                |
| MIDI Show Control     | A system-exclusive message, used only by the device specified by the ID. \\ Titan can receive this and react to it as stated in the manual.                                                                                   |
| MIDI Machine Control  | System-Exclusive messages which can be sent by Titan, to control devices which can understand it.                                                                                                                             |

While making Titan **receive** MIDI is somewhat straight-forward as there are pre-defined reactions provided, making Titan **send out** MIDI is currently done only via macros. This is very versatile as you can literally send all messages you want - but you have to know the message on a rather byte level. See [[external:midi|MIDI Machine Control]] for an example.




===== MIDI and Titan =====

In general MIDI has been implemented in Titan consoles right from the beginning. However, there are some limitations. E.g. the Titan One and T1 do not provide for MIDI at all, the T2 can only do USB-MIDI (as there is no hardware MIDI outlet), and the Titan Mobile and Quartz can only receive MIDI but cannot send it (as there is no MIDI output provided). USB-MIDI was only added in Titan v12, output via USB-MIDI in Titan v13.

Here is an overview:

^ Console Type                                                                  ^ MIDI In  ^ MIDI Out  ^ USB-MIDI In       ^ USB-MIDI Out      ^
| Titan One                                                                     | no       | no        | no                | no                |
| T1                                                                            | no       | no        | no                | no                |
| T2                                                                            | no       | no        | yes (v12 and up)  | yes (v13 and up)  |
| Titan Mobile                                                                  | yes      | no        | yes (v12 and up)  | yes (v13 and up)  |
| Quartz                                                                        | yes      | no        | yes (v12 and up)  | yes (v13 and up)  |
| Tiger Touch (non-pro) \\ Pearl Expert (non-pro)                               | yes      | yes       | no                | no                |
| Tiger Touch Pro\\ Pearl Expert Pro\\ Tiger Touch II\\ Arena\\ Sapphire Touch  | yes      | yes       | yes (v12 and up)  | yes (v13 and up)  |

===== Connections and testing MIDI =====

  * the standard MIDI connection is the 5pin DIN connector. Simply connect the sender's MIDI output with the receriver's MIDI input. There is a maximum cable length of 50 ft (~ 15m) as per [[https://mitxela.com/other/ca33.pdf|the MIDI specification]]. If you need to run the signal over longer distances there are range extenders, see https://www.midiextender.com/
  * in case of using USB-MIDI (from Titan v12) it should work out of the box. All connected MIDI controllers will show up in USB Expert (see below) and will work accordingly. output signals (MIDI sent via macros) will be sent down at all avialable outputs
  * if Titan and another MIDI software are running on the same computer (e.g. Titan PC suite and a DAW like reaper) you need to install [[https://www.tobias-erichsen.de/software/loopmidi.html|loopMIDI]] which is something like a virtual MIDI loopback interface
  * if you want to send/receive MIDI over network then you need to install [[http://www.tobias-erichsen.de/software/rtpmidi.html|rtpMIDI]]
  * other software like [[http://www.midiox.com/|midiOx]] or [[http://www.midiox.com/myoke.htm|midiYoke]] may or may not help as well

In order to test whether your Titan really receives MIDI:

  - open USB Expert console (from the Avolites program group, or from Tools --> Control Panel)
  - make sure the status bar (bottom-left) reads 'ACW USB Service connected'\\ {{:external:service_connected.png|}} \\ if it doesn't then select ''Acw Service'' --> ''Start'' from the ''Tools'' menu.
  - the 'Connected Panels' pane (top-left) should list all available panels and MIDI controllers \\ {{:external:connected_panels.png|}}
  - select the controller which you want to test, or the panel which handles MIDI input (e.g. the DMX panel)
  - top-right click on the MIDI tab
  - click on ''Watch MIDI''
  - now, another window opens which shows the MIDI data which come in \\ {{:external:watchmidi.png|}}